Everything You Need to Know About Home Valves

Most homeowners don’t realize just how many valves exist in a typical house. But considering how essential valves are to keeping your plumbing running safely, it’s essential knowledge for homeowners.

From the main shut-off to small appliance valves, each one plays an important role in your home. Knowing how to turn them on (and off!) gives you the power to control water flow and even prevent damage from unexpected emergencies.

Let’s take a tour of the most likely valves you’ll find in your home.

The Main Shut-Off Home Valves

Your home’s main shut-off valve is your first line of defense in a plumbing emergency. This valve stops water flow to the entire house, giving you control if a pipe bursts or a major leak occurs.

Tip: Make sure everyone in your household knows its location. Also, remember to exercise the valve occasionally by turning it off and on to ensure it moves smoothly. Being familiar with it can prevent panic during emergencies.

Spigots and Exterior Shut-Offs

Outdoor faucets and their interior shut-offs are crucial for protecting your home during those frigid Rochester, NY winters. In short, these valves will help prevent frozen pipes by allowing you to drain water from exterior lines before temperatures drop.

Tip: Check these valves at the start of spring and fall to make sure they operate properly. A quick test has saved many homeowners from costly water damage and frozen pipes later.

Water Heater Shut-Offs

Did you know? Every water heater has its own shut-off valve. It’s there to stop water flow during maintenance or emergencies. And if your water heater starts leaking or needs servicing, this valve suddenly becomes your best friend.

On tank-style water heaters, the shut-off is located on the cold water line entering the top of the tank. Tankless water heaters may have a valve nearby on the supply line or integrated in the unit itself.

Tip: Checking this valve regularly can prevent leaks or sudden failures and keep your hot water system running smoothly.

Toilet and Faucet Shut-Offs

Local shut-offs for toilets and sinks allow you to isolate problems without affecting the entire house. Whether a toilet is constantly running or a sink develops a drip, these valves give you quick control of incoming water.

Most toilet shut-offs are located on the wall behind the toilet, near the floor, while sink valves are typically under the cabinet or vanity. 

Tip: Turn them gently every few months to prevent sticking or corrosion. Also, knowing their location on your units can save you a call to the plumber for minor issues or attempted DIY repairs. 

Refrigerator Water Line Shut-Offs

Many refrigerators have a water dispenser or ice maker. This means it’s likely to have a dedicated shut-off valve, too! That’s because a leak behind a big appliance like this can cause serious damage if left unnoticed—so knowing how to stop incoming water in the event you notice a problem is key.

Tip: Make sure the valve is accessible and functional. Also, consider occasionally moving the refrigerator for cleaning. A quick check every once in a while can also help prevent hidden water damage in your kitchen.

Pressure-Reducing Valves (PRVs)

Pressure Reducing Valves, also called PRVs, control water pressure to protect your plumbing from damage. As you can imagine, too much pressure will strain pipes and fixtures. Ultimately, this tends to lead to leaks or premature wear.

Typically, PRVs are located after your water meter. PRVs can be identified by their bell shape or domed body and are typically located on a vertical or horizontal line after the meter.

Tip: If you notice hissing sounds, inconsistent water flow, or sudden bursts of high pressure, have a professional inspect the valve. PRVs are vital for maintaining safe, consistent water pressure throughout your home.

Check Valves for Pumps

Many homeowners overlook the small but important valves on sump pumps and laundry pumps. Designed to prevent water from flowing backward into your basement or laundry area, they protect your home from potential flooding. They’re usually located on the discharge line of your pump, often just above the pump itself. 

Tip: Inspect them during routine maintenance to ensure they aren’t blocked or stuck. 

Double-Check Valves for Water-Powered Backup Pumps or Sprinkler Systems

Double-check valves prevent contamination to municipality water systems. They must be installed with water-powered sump pump backups and irrigation systems.

These valves are usually installed on the supply line leading to the pump or sprinkler system, often near the device itself. 

Tip: Your local water municipality will send you a notice annually requiring your backflow device be tested by a licensed backflow tester to ensure it is properly functioning.

Why Regular Valve Maintenance Matters

Valves aren’t exciting, it’s true. But when you’re a homeowner, knowing what and where they are can make a big difference in the face of an emergency. Also, keeping them in good condition prevents water damage, extends the life of your plumbing system, and gives you peace of mind during emergencies—so there are really no downsides to learning more about the ones that can be found in your house!

From the main shut-off to small appliance valves, functional valves are a homeowner’s best defense against plumbing disasters. 

If you want help inspecting or maintaining your home’s valves, G.T. Campbell Plumbing in Rochester, NY, is just a phone call away at (585) 355-1463.